Whisky is distilled to around 70% alcohol by volume (vol-%) then diluted to about 40 vol-%, and often drunk after further slight dilution to enhance its taste. The taste of whisky is primarily associated with amphipathic molecules, such as guaiacol, but why and how dilution enhances the taste is not well understood. We carried out computer simulations of water-ethanol mixtures in the presence of guaiacol, providing atomistic details on the structure of the liquid mixture. We found that guaiacol is preferentially associated with ethanol, and, therefore, primarily found at the liquid-air interface in mixtures that contain up to 45 vol-% of ethanol. At ethanol concentrations of 59 vol-% or higher, guaiacol is increasingly surrounded by ethanol molecules and is driven to the bulk. This indicates that the taste of guaiacol in the whisky would be enhanced upon dilution prior to bottling. Our findings may apply to other flavour-giving amphipathic molecules and could contribute to optimising the production of spirits for desired tastes. Furthermore, it sheds light on the molecular structure of water-alcohol mixtures that contain small solutes, and reveals that interactions with the water may be negligible already at 89 vol-% of ethanol.

Ugly Numbers from Microsoft and ChatGPT Reveal that AI Demand is Already Shrinking
The only areas where AI is flourishing are shamming, spamming & scamming

I’ve been asked, in various roles1, to give my opinion on the challenges posed by Large Language Models (LLMs)2, also known as “stochastic parrots” (Bender, Gebru, McMillan-Major, & Shmitchell, 2021), for assessing academic writing assignments. A concern seems to be that students legitimately can use these systems and that then we would be unable to assess their ability to write essays.

My opinion, in brief, is that LLMs cannot legitimately be used to write academic essays.

Meredith Whittaker, president of the Signal Foundation, gained a skepticism of profit-motivated companies while working at Google.
Whittaker said the Signal app, which is encrypted, intentionally holds as little user data as possible.
“On the record, loudly as possible, no!” Whittaker said, when asked if Signal plans to incorporate ChatGPT-like tools.

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What the Luddites can teach us about resisting an automated future.

U.S. schools invested heavily in Chromebooks during the COVID-19 pandemic, but they're now having to throw thousands of them away because Google built them to be impossible to update within three to six years.

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The lawsuits allege the companies trained their AI models on books without permission.

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Når unge får delt nøgenbilleder på nettet mod deres vilje, kan det efterlade dem med følelsen af skyld, skam og selvbebrejdelse – men nu giver et nyt værktøj dem en lille mulighed for kontrol. Facebooks moderorganisation, Meta, står bag Take it Down, hvor unge kan få hjælp til at fjerne intime billeder fra nogle af de store sider på nettet.